The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.